His contributions to ecclesiastical music comprise 14 Masses, 1 Stabat Mater, 2 Te Deums, and 34 offertories and anthems. His instrumental compositions include 125 symphonies, 31 concertos, 77 quartets, 30 trios, and more than 300 compositions for wind and string instruments. He has been hailed as the "father of instrumentation", the "inventor of the symphony", the "creator of modern chamber music".
A craving for more liberty of style and greater breadth of conception was felt among the musicians of Haydn's day, and, catering to the growing taste, he built up a school of composition which became so popular, through his contributions and those of Mozart and Beethoven, that history has made it the starting point of modern composition. His career began at the time when the accepted conventions of the Palestrinesque school of counterpoint had been abandoned as the last word in music. He was the founder of the Viennese school of composition. He left London in 1795, and in January, 1797, moved to Gumpendorf, Vienna, where he died.Īs a composer, Haydn will always be spoken of with reverence. Salomon's orchestra was the vehicle he chose to introduce his compositions to the English public, and the twelve symphonies performed under his direction created a profound impression. His career in London was brilliant, and his successes signal. The University of Oxford conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Music. Upon the occasion of his two visits to London (17) he was hailed as the greatest musician of the day, and received marked attention from royalty. In 1785 he joined the Freemasons to please his friend Mozart, who was an ardent member and it is not clear how long he remained in that society. He received a salary of one hundred pounds annually. The duties of his position were most arduous, involving the necessity of providing daily orchestral recitals, two operatic performances and at least each week one concert. His life during these years was of singular steadiness of purpose. In 1761 he became vice-capellmeister at Eisenstadt, and in 1766 went as capellmeister with Prince Nicholaus to his new palace at Esterház. By temperament he was deeply religious, and gave back to Almighty God, in his compositions for the services of the Church, the talent with which he was so richly endowed.
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Had he been more prudent in the choice of a spouse, perhaps his after life might have been free from the suspicions which his relations with other women justify. It was at this time that Haydn made the mistake of contracting a loveless marriage with Maria Anna Keller. His contract with this prince brought him into the daily necessity of composing "divertimenti" for the orchestra, thus affording a splendid opportunity for the study of instrumentation. In 1759 he accepted the appointment of vice-capellmeister to Count Morzin, a Bohemian nobleman, who maintained an orchestra at his country-house.
The year 1756 found Haydn so well informed in the various branches of his art that he began to be ranked among the first music-masters of Vienna. At this time he came under the influence of Emanuel Bach, Dittersdorf, and Porpora, who may be said to have been his principal masters, although the credit of his remarkable achievements must be given rather to his own incessant industry than to any particular instruction. He was enabled to pursue his musical studies. During these years he manifested an extraordinary passion for music, availing himself of every opportunity to improve his knowledge of the art. For nine years he was a chorister there, and yielded his place as solo-boy to his younger brother Michael when the inevitable signs of change appeared in his voice. He began his great musical career in the choir-school of St. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99.īorn of staunch Catholic parents at Rohrau, Austria, 1 April, 1732 died at Gumpendorf, Vienna, 31 May, 1809.
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